What is a Good Diet?
There has been a
lot of press lately about diets. The problem with many diets
is they are not nutritionally complete. The Atkins diet, for
example, which does not emphasize the need to keep your diet
low-fat, is one of these. So what makes up the basic daily diet that
is nutritionally sound. Here is an overview. I include more detail
in individual areas and then discuss augmentation to accommodate
exercise and performance and finally some examples, menus, etc.
Proteins:
Protein is an
important part of any good diet and I advise the intake of good
quality protein such as chicken, turkey and fish. Lean red meat is
acceptable when chosen carefully . Eat a lot of fresh fish, lean turkey and
chicken. When you buy fish try to purchase deep water fish and/or
cold-water fish. Think carefully about where the fish was caught as
some areas are obviously more polluted than others. The Gulf of
Mexico as opposed to the coast of Alaska for example.
Fish is usually
poached, grilled or baked. Chicken and turkey is usually baked,
roasted, grilled or barbecued. If oil is needed it is as little as
possible. Good quality stainless cookware will help with this. No
deep fired food at all, and the only sautéing is usually done in a
Wok with very little oil. Keep your protein source low-fat. No
hamburgers, no bacon and certainly no fried foods of any kind.
Carbohydrates:
Carbohydrates include all sugars,
starches, grains, beans, fruit and vegetables. Some of the basic
ideas of the Atkins’ diet are correct. Excess carbohydrates are more
readily stored as bodyfat. If you eat more carbohydrates than the
energy you require, you will put on bodyfat. So to lose bodyfat you
must do two things. Eat carbohydrates that are not easily stored as
bodyfat and exercise sufficiently to make the body use stored
bodyfat as an energy source.
Everyone
should get all their carbohydrate needs primarily
from fresh vegetables and fruit, preferably organic. With every meal
have either a fresh salad or steamed vegetables along with some
fresh fruit. Eat low-nutrient starchy vegetables such as white
potatoes very sparingly. You can consume a large amount of fresh vegetables and
never put on any bodyfat.
Eat bread
sparingly and when you do, always make it a whole grain bread. The only
cereal to eat is old-fashioned oats, or very minimally processed
boxed cereals. Eat only small amounts of whole-grain pastas.
Occasionally eat wild or brown rice, rarely white rice. Eat fresh
unshelled nuts such as walnuts and enjoys organic pumpkin and
sunflower seeds. These choices are high in essential fats.
The
amount of and types of carbohydrate you eat are also determined by
your lifestyle, age and exercise level. Endurance athletes require
more carbohydrates than “couch potatoes” as their energy needs are
much higher. So determine your carbohydrate needs for your own
lifestyle and you will be able to enjoy that lovely pasta dinner on
an evening out without putting on excess bodyfat.
As we
get older and our insulin metabolism becomes less efficient we need
to make sure that we choose carbohydrates that are low-glycemic.
Fats:
A diet low in saturated fats is very
important for overall health. A high saturated fat diet will cause
cardiovascular disease. You must get your essential fats daily. Use
organic flaxseed oil that you can use as a base for your salad
dressings. For cooking when necessary use small quantities of
organic extra-virgin cold pressed olive oil. Both these oils contain
good essential fats.
This
was something that Dr. Atkins did not understand. It was reported
over the AP Wire that Dr. Robert Atkins, who died recently, weighed
258 pounds at the time of his death. Before his death, he suffered a
heart attack, congestive heart failure and hypertension. Not only
was he not following his own advice to maintain a good weight and
low bodyfat, but his idea of not worrying about saturated fat intake
certainly did his health no good.
Dietary
Philosophy
It is a fact that we
are biochemical machines. The "bio" is important as that distinguishes us
from mechanical machines. The difference is that our bodies adapt to stress
and, if the stress is correctly applied and enough support is provided
nutrition and rest, then the adaptation will be one that will be a positive
one. This is seen in the training that you are doing. Exercises apply
stress to the body that allows it to grow stronger, move faster and support
better health and well being. Mechanical machines do not do this. We, adapt
to the stressors. We also adapt to the lack of stress. If our environment is
sedentary, then the body adapts to that and becomes strong enough to
maintain a sedentary lifestyle. It has been found that the genes that
degrade the body are more active in the sedentary state and those that favor
repair are active when we are active. (More)
BUT!!!
The response to a stressor is only
one that provides repair and growth if enough material is there. Let us
imagine for a moment that a tree falls and tears down a part of your home. You are the
repair mechanism for your home, but you cannot act unless you have the
materials that include wood, nails, sheetrock, etc AND the time. In the
biochemical machine, your materials are provided from what you eat and the
time needed to repair is in the form of rest and sleep.
So it is possible to think of food
intake as only a source of energy, but this is a GRAND and all-too common
mistake. Food is fuel and it MUST be a source of the nutrients, macro
(carbohydrates, proteins, fats, fiber) and micro (vitamins, minerals,
essential oils, etc.). One must be cognizant of the inalterable fact that
food is nutrition. You, as athletes, must be especially aware as you need to
optimize your nutrient intake to maximize performance and minimize illness
and injury, common traits of poor eating.
So, what to eat?
We have in our
wonderful, modern world an odd enigma, known as the discordance principle by
those that study this. Were we a hunter-gatherer society, we would not have
to think about what is best to eat. It would be provided in the correct
amounts already in the world around us. You see, we have developed over
millions of years based on foods found on this earth that include a wide
variety of foods from animal and vegetable sources. The problem is that our
genetics haven't caught up with the explosion in society and the subsequent
change in our food supply. There is an interesting history in our
changing food supply resulting in the current free market providership
system. We now hunt and gather by buying from food suppliers. In order to
compete for sales, food manufacturers use techniques that enhance the taste,
smell, appearance and image desire of foods to get you to buy. The old ad
that said "You can't eat just one" applies as the industry knows what
flavors and chemicals induce cravings. The bottom line is that foods are
designed without any attention to nutrition. Ironically, the foods
that ARE the best and most nutritious are not marketable because there is
nothing unique about fresh spinach to exploit in sales. To grow profits, it
was found that the population was not growing fast enough (numbers-wise).
Therefore, the only way to increase sales is to sell more to each person.
The result is an increase in the population size-wise!
Thus, we
have to ignore what the ads that entice us have to say and get back to the
nutrition FOR WHICH OUR BODIES ARE DESIGNED! Some wonderful work has been
done by researchers at Emory University , Colorado University and others
that have found societies that still eat and live in the style in which we
were designed. Some of these societies are extremely isolated. They are very
strong, very active people and have no indications of heart disease,
diabetes and many of the modern disease processes. In short, they are eating
in a manner that we ALL are genetically designed to eat.
As it so
happens, as each day passes, the successful and healthy diets are falling
towards this pattern. There is more mention of whole foods, the need to
limit simple sugars and included more fruits and vegetables. Why not
look at what we were designed to eat, what made us grow strong and healthy
as a species and what has a million-year track record of success? The
evidence is there.
Do we ignore
modern foods?
Emphatically, NO! We have at our
disposal, information that can help the athlete and still fits within the
body design. In fact, recently, a highly respected paleo scientist, Dr.
Loren Cordain and a very successful Olympic coach, Joe Freil, have teamed up
to make recommendations to the athlete for optimum performance and health.
Interestingly, their recommendations are well in keeping with highly
successful coaches and trainers including Chris Carmichael, coach to Lance
Armstrong. (See the reading list for both of these excellent books) The
judicial use of supplementation and whole foods will provide a menu of
options that will be nutrient rich and provide enough energy to support your
active life. You will find yourself getting strong, lean and
energetic.
If you continue on this site, I
will attempt to provide you with a powerfully rich diet that will allow the
training and rest to be put to it's best use. If the browser wishes to go
further or to ask why I make such recommendations, I will attempt to include
optional links to the evidence. As always inquiries, recommendations and
discussion is encouraged! Contact me at your desire!
Dr. Mike Jezercak, Ph.D
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